When the material to be irradiated is considerably thicker than the penetration depth, dual-sided irradiation can be used to obtain an effect on the entire material.

When electron beam irradiation is used industrially, the irradiation atmosphere is usually air, but in the case of electron beam curing of paints and inks, it is performed in an inert gas atmosphere.

Gel fraction is generally a method of measuring the degree of bridging, or cross-linking, of a polymer compound.
Therefore, the measurement of gel fraction is useful for determining the cross-linking.